Overview
Uncommon in developed nations. Risk factors include HPV infection, not being circumcised, phimosis, smoking, and poor hygiene. Most are squamous cell carcinomas.
Visible Symptoms
- A lump, ulcer, or sore on the penis that doesn't heal.
- Changes in penis skin color or thickness.
- Reddish or velvety rash under foreskin.
- Persistent or smelly discharge under foreskin.
- Bleeding from penis or under foreskin.
- Swelling in the groin (lymph nodes).
Treatments
Goal is eliminating cancer while preserving as much function and appearance as possible.
Surgery (e.g., Mohs Surgery)
Precise removal of tumor layer by layer to save healthy tissue.
Radiation & Topical Therapy
For very early stage cancers or as adjunct to surgery.