Overview
Most bladder cancers are urothelial carcinomas. It's often diagnosed early when highly treatable, but has a high recurrence rate, so follow-up is crucial. Smoking is a major risk factor.
Main Symptoms
- Blood in urine (hematuria), visible or microscopic.
- Frequent or urgent urination.
- Pain or burning sensation when urinating.
- Lower back pain or pain on one side.
- Inability to urinate despite having the urge.
- Weight loss and fatigue in advanced stages.
Therapeutic Approach
Treatment depends on whether the cancer has invaded the bladder muscle wall.
Transurethral Resection (TURBT)
Surgery through the urethra to remove superficial tumors.
Cystectomy & Intravesical Therapy
Bladder removal or using BCG directly into the bladder.