Anal Cancer Overview
Forms in the opening at end of digestive tract. Vast majority of cases are strongly associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Often curable, especially when caught early.
Often confused symptoms
- Bleeding from anus or rectum (often first sign).
- Pain or pressure in anal area.
- Persistent anal itching.
- A lump or mass near the anus.
- Changes in bowel habits or stool diameter.
- Unusual discharge (mucus) from anus.
Standard Treatment
Main treatment is usually a combination of radiation and chemotherapy, which often avoids need for major surgery.
Concurrent Chemoradiation
The 'gold standard', often curing cancer without operation.
Salvage Surgery
Used if cancer doesn't respond to chemoradiation or recurs.